Analysis of questionnaire how to compute in spss for likert. How to analyze likert and other rating scale data sciencedirect. The ubiquitous likert item the question above, taken from the 2007 british social attitudes survey, is an example of a likert item. Sir, the note is fine but still i am not clear about how to analyze likert scale with five choices using spss data analysis. However, these studies provide no grounds for preferring five rather than seven. Also, all word and pdf files are located within each folder of interest for a given lecture. Likert scales are clearly ordered category scales, as required for correlational work, and the debate aong methodologists is whether they can be treated as equal interval scales.
We should probably note here that we are not addressing the issue of parametric versus nonparametric analysis of the likert scale. Responses of this scale usually considered as ordinal data. A likert scales is used in survey research to measure satisfaction or agreement to a survey set. Though analysis of likert scale data can be quite the scientific and mathematical undertaking especially in determining validity, distortions, etc. How to analyze likert scale data statistics by jim. Analyzing and interpreting data from likerttype scales ncbi. Likert scales strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, strongly disagree. How to use a chi square test in likert scales the classroom. How to use spss software to analyze data for research paper.
How to use the likert scale in statistical analysis. Analysis methods used for individual questions ordinal data. A likert scale can be considered as a grouped form of a continuous scale, and so you just treat the variable as if it were continuous for correlational analysis. Rating scale questions are treated as ordinal data, though one can find very many examples where this rule has been. If it is a a single item, it is probably fine to treat it as numerical. Analyzing data measured by individual likerttype items. How to use likert scale data in regression analysis. A very common question is whether it is legitimate to use likert scale data in parametric statistical procedures that require interval data, such as linear regression, anova, and factor analysis.
A 5 point likert scale data is more accurate than the 4 point data. There is a huge debate over the best way to analyze likert data. In particular, a likert scale or a likert type scale should only refer to a set of items. How to summarise likert scale data using spss achilleas kostoulas. You are using the most standradised tool, or a scale, likert scale.
This article discusses the method of analyzing data using compute function in spss. The mannwhitney test is an example of a nonparametric test. Likert is a bipolar scale which can contain for both positive and negative response of a statement in spss research. Analysis of questionnaire how to compute in spss for likert scale questionnaire. This can be checked by looking at scatterplots of pairs of variables. In spss the researcher can specify the level of measurement as scale numeric data on an interval or ratio scale, ordinal, or nominal. Factor analysis is designed for interval data, although it can also be used for ordinal data e.
How to analyze your likert scale data in spss youtube. Using the same example as above, i need to create a new. How to summarise likert scale data using spss achilleas. What statistical analysis should i use for likert scale data. If it is a full likert scale, with a combination of multiple items, go ahead and treat it as numerical. The function was very useful to obtained numeric data.
Given certain requirements pertaining to the number of. There are more constructive ways to approach likert data. In this scale, the questions are suitable to measure mean that can give you a sense in which direction most of the peoples opinion took place. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likert type scales j. To tell spss what we want to analyse we need to move our. For each sample take the total score aggeregate and divided by n, that is how you get mean score.
Likert scales result when survey participants are asked to rank their agreement with survey items on a scale that includes strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree and strongly agree. Here, we use scale to refer to a relatively small number of questions or items selected to measure peoples attitude towards a single object. You can begin with analyzing and transforming your data from ordinal scale to numeric scale. I do believe that spss can only perform on likert scale to show frequency, mean meridian. Jan 16, 2015 nominal, ordinal and scale is a way to label data for analysis. Analyzing likert data the journal of extension joe. Analysis of questionnaire how to compute in spss for likert scale questionnaire this article discusses the method of analyzing data using compute function in spss. Arrange the responses in sequence, and look for the response that falls at the numerical midpoint. Tests like the kruskalwallis, mannwhitney, and chisquare analysis can all take attitudinal data from likert surveys and provide different forms of analysis. Research confirms that data from likert items and those with similar ratingles sca becomes significantly less accurate when the number of scale points drops below five or above seven. You can begin with analyzing and transforming your data from ordinal scale to numeric scale using mean command. My knowledge about statistics is elementary and i would really appreciate some help or suggestions in solving my current problem. Our questionnaire is composed of items with a 5 point scale. This is not entirely permissible from a theoretical point of view since likert scales are made up of likert.
For likert type data, it would be critical to do exploratory analysis to find validity and reliability of the instruments of interest to your study. Introduction education practitioners, business organisations, and those new to the field of research, students for example, are often faced with the decision as to what analysis to conduct on the likert scale data. Though the problem of attitude suggests an ordinal interpretation of likert scales, attitude survey data. For example, miller and salkind state that the likert technique produces an ordinal scale that generally requires nonparametric statistics. Arrange the responses in sequence, and look for the response that falls at the numerical. You can use any spss version to perform your corelational analysis. The attitude measurement technique on which we focus here is the likert scale. The mann whitney test is an example of a nonparametric test. Mar 15, 2007 likert scales are widely used in survey studies for attitude measuring. Today likert type data have been used in many fields related to the social sciences. Apr, 2017 the fifth of a short series on how to use spss to solve your statistical problems. What spss statistics should you use for a likert scale quantative.
Research confirms that data from likert items and those with similar ratinglessca becomes significantly less accurate when the number of scale points drops below five or above seven. The function was very useful to obtained numeric data based on an algorithm. Nominal, ordinal and scale is a way to label data for analysis. If you had 100 responses, for example, that would be the 50th response. This article also talks about the advantages and disadvantages of the likert scale. The likert scale i am analyzing has both positive and negative questions, but all the items are answered with 4 strongly agree, 3 agree, 2 disagree and 4 strongly disagree. Likert scale examples for surveys iowa state university. All items are responded to on a likert scale of 15, where 5 strongly agree and 1. Likert scale is a psychometric scale where questions based on this scale are normally used in a survey. I have data in likert scale 15 for dependent and independent variables. The chi square test is one option to compare respondent response and analyze results against the hypothesis. Basic data management in spss point and click idre stats. Nominal and ordinal data can be either string alphanumeric or numeric.
Almost everyone would recognise this type of survey. Factoranalyzing likertscale data under the assumption of. Pdf analyzing and interpreting data from likerttype scales. Analysis of likert scale data when several likert items are combined into a scale, so that there are many possible numeric outcomes, the results are often treated as intervalratio data. Introduction to spss part 5 example 4 analysing likert data. My question is can i use that likert scale data to run a regression analysis. For analysis, should i make the weight of the answers the same. Since the beginning of likert scale in 1932, there have. A proper analysis of single items from likert scales should acknowledge the discrete nature of the response. The variables used in factor analysis should be linearly related to each other. How can we do analysis of the likert scale in spss. It is one of the most widely used question types in a survey.
Though the problem of attitude suggests an ordinal interpretation of likert scales, attitude survey data are often evaluated with techniques designed for cardinal measurements. Pdf analyzing and interpreting data from likerttype. How to analyse likert scale data the following slightly modified question was posted as a comment here, but i felt that the answer was too lengthy for the comments section. Next, click on the statistics button to tell spss what output you want it to. Some authors also include scales with other numbers of categories about attitude. The simplest is to calculate a median, rather than a mean. In particular, the questionnaires propagated by the servqual approach are based on likert scales. Ok, we covered this part and you can probably now form the matrix, variables and data on your own. Analysis of questionnaire how to compute in spss for. How to use the likert scale in statistical analysis synonym.
Likert scale and its variation before proceeding further, lets have a brief look on several constructional diversities of a likert scale as the analytical treatment and interpretation with likert scale largely depends upon these diversities. Others are just done once, to see how groups of people feel about statements at a particular point in time. But it is often a reasonable approach if the data meet the assumptions of the analysis. By applying the likert scale, survey administrators can simplify their survey data analysis. See the picture below to see how to enter values according to likert scale. Likert scales are widely used in survey studies for attitude measuring. What spss statistics should you use for a likert scale. My question is can i use that likert scale data to run a regression analysis to find out the relation between dependent and independent.
Dec 15, 2014 your starting point for summarising likert scale data with spss will be a dataset similar to the one shown in figure 1, below. The variables used in factor analysis should be linearly related to each. Analyzing and interpreting data from likert type scales. Robert warmbrod1 abstract fortynine percent of the 706 articles published in the journal of agricultural education from 1995 to 2012 reported quantitative research with at least one variable measured by a likert type scale. Jan 20, 2018 this video explains about the analysis steps in spss. Symmetric versus asymmetric likert scale if the position of. In a likert scale survey respondents simply dont choose between yesno, there are specific choices based on agreeing or disagreeing on a certain question in the survey. In other words, a likert scale is a special type of ordinal data scale. Introduction to spss part 5 example 4 analysing likert. How to analyze your likert scale data in spss compute procedure. Data from a survey using a likert scale may seem easy.
The fifth of a short series on how to use spss to solve your statistical problems. Likert scale is defined as a unidimensional scale used to collect the respondent attitudes and opinions. I am doing a dissertation and i will collect the data using a likert scale. Ordinal data dont require those properties balance, neutral value, and equal spacing, but in my mind, likert scales do require those properties, but dont require specifically 5points. A likert scale, on the other hand, is composed of a series of four or more likert type items that are combined into a single composite scorevariable during the data analysis process. Likert data have their origins in the scale proposed by likert 1932, an example of which can be seen in figure 1. Lung function, for example peak expiratory flow rate pefr. You can use this variable for descriptive statistics e. A typical scale could be strongly agree, unsureundecided, disagree, strongly disagree. I used ibm spss statistics v19 on my 64bit windows 8. There is often a level of indecision, especially on the part of those new to research, whether to use parametric or nonparametric tests especially in the light of the discordant views outlined in the literature regarding the use of these. There are a couple of examples above, the likert scale question and the yesno question. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likerttype. Depending on how the likert scale questions are treated, a number of different analysis methods can be applied.
Heiberger2 1 nbr, 11 christine court, wayne, nj 074706523 2 temple university, 332 speakman hall 006 12, philadelphia, pa 19122 6083 abstract rating scales such as likert. If it is a full likert scale, with a combination of multiple items, go ahead. Data analysis errors with likert scales reporting errors with reliability measures while most individuals utilizing likert type scales will report overall scale and subscale internal consistency reliability estimates in the analysis of the data. For example, if questions are personal then selfadministered surveys can be a. Jun 26, 2011 likert is a bipolar scale which can contain for both positive and negative response of a statement in spss research. Additionally, the distance between values are equal. I have done some research to check whether likert scale data can be used in regression analysis. A typical likert scale item has 5 to 11 points that indicate the degree of agreement with a statement, such as 1strongly agree to 5strongly disagree. The likert scale is commonly used in survey research. How to interpret likert scale data for correlation. Calculating, interpreting, and reporting cronbachs alpha. This article talks about the types of likert scales with examples, characteristics of these scales and likert scale data collection and analysis.
Likert type item provides a discrete approximation of the continuous latent variable. This is particularly the case if the scale data take on many values. This paper will show how data analysis errors can adversely affect the inferences one wishes to make. Since the advent of likert scale in 1932, there have been debates among the users about its best possible usability in term of reliability and validity of number of points on the scale.
Sep 16, 2019 though analysis of likert scale data can be quite the scientific and mathematical undertaking especially in determining validity, distortions, etc. Analysis of questionnaire how to compute in spss for likert scale. There is a difference between a likert scale item a single 17 scale, eg. Treating likert scale data as continuous outcomes in con. To start the analysis, begin by clicking on the analyze menu, select the scale option, and then the reliability analysis suboption. This video explains about the analysis steps in spss. Descriptive statistics, such as means and standard deviations, have unclear meanings when applied to likert scale responses. This video describes how to analyse likert data strongly.
This video describes how to analyse likert data strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree. Your starting point for summarising likert scale data with spss will be a dataset. Questionnaire design and analysing the data using spss page 1. If you understood everything from this article, this is a rather easy one to explain. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likerttype scales. Ordinal methodology in the analysis of likert scales. How to quantify likert scale type data methodspace. It is often used to measure the attitudes of respondents, asking them to what extent they agree or disagree with a particular question or statement. Combined, the items are used to provide a quantitative measure of a character or personality trait.
The spss files for the course are located in this folder named spss files survey and likert scales. This article also talks about the advantages and disadvantages of the likert scale as well as how to use it in a survey by using questionpro. Likert items and scales rob johns university of strathclyde 1. The example here is based on a fictional study that aims to examine students.
Spss is not freeware, and besides windows, you can download the linux version, as well. You may use corsstabulations with descriptive statistics to characterize the relations and study. If you want to understand how effective students or parents think a teacher is across several different categories, a survey using a likert scale can give you an answer. You can begin with analyzing and transforming your data from ordinal scale to numeric. Using likert scale means your data are labeled scale on the definition of your variables in spss. What spss statistics should you use for a likert scale quantative data. Sep 15, 2015 in this article learn how to use spss software to analyze data for research paper. Your starting point for summarising likert scale data with spss will be a dataset similar to the one shown in figure 1, below.